Pump Cavitation - Cavitation remains a key challenge for pump efficiency and reliability.

Pump cavitation is a critical issue that can significantly damage a pump and reduce its efficiency. It occurs when the pressure in a liquid drops below its vapor pressure, causing vapor bubbles to form. When these bubbles are transported to an area of higher pressure within the pump, they rapidly collapse or "implode." This implosion creates intense, localized shockwaves that can erode the internal surfaces of the pump's impeller and casing. The sound is often described as a gravelly or rattling noise.

The primary causes of cavitation are insufficient fluid supply to the pump, a clogged intake line, or a pump operating outside of its ideal performance curve. The long-term effects of cavitation are severe, leading to reduced flow and head, decreased efficiency, and eventually, total pump failure. Mitigating cavitation is a key part of industrial fluid system design and maintenance. Strategies include ensuring the pump is properly sized for the application, maintaining adequate fluid levels at the pump's inlet, and regularly inspecting and cleaning intake lines and screens.